How to Become a Registered Nurse

If you're considering this fulfilling profession, here's a comprehensive guide to help you understand the steps involved in becoming an RN. 

Step 1: Understand the role of an RN 

Before embarking on the journey to become an RN, it's essential to understand what the role entails. Registered nurses are responsible for a wide range of duties, including: 

• Assessing and recording patient symptoms 
• Administering medications and treatments 
• Assisting in diagnostic tests  
• Educating patients and their families about health conditions 
• Coordinating with other healthcare professionals to provide optimal care 

RNs work in various settings, including clinics, hospitals, nursing homes, and community health centers. The role requires strong communication skills, empathy, attention to detail, and the ability to work under pressure. 

Step 2: Obtain the necessary education 

To become an RN, you must complete a nursing education program. There are three primary educational paths: 

Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN): 

• Typically takes two years to complete 
• Offered by community colleges and some universities 
• Prepares students for entry-level nursing positions 

Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN): 

• Usually takes four years to complete 
• Offered by universities and colleges 
• Provides a more comprehensive education, including nursing theory, leadership, research, and public health 
• Often preferred by employers and can lead to higher-paying positions 

Accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing (ABSN) degree 

• Usually takes 11-18 months 
• Offered by universities and colleges 
• Designed for students who already have a bachelor’s degree in another field but want to pursue a career in nursing 

Each program includes coursework in anatomy, physiology, microbiology, pharmacology, psychology, and various social and behavioral sciences. Clinical experience is a critical component, providing hands-on practice in real healthcare settings. 

Step 3: Pass the NCLEX-RN exam 

After completing your nursing education, the next step is to pass the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN).  

 This standardized exam tests the knowledge, skills, and abilities essential for safe and effective practice as an entry-level nurse.  

The exam covers four major categories: 

• Safe and Effective Care Environment 
• Health Promotion and Maintenance 
• Psychosocial Integrity 
• Physiological Integrity 

Preparation is key to passing the NCLEX-RN. Many graduates take review courses and practice exams to ensure they are ready. 

Step 4: Obtain state licensure 

Once you pass the NCLEX-RN, you must obtain a nursing license from the state where you plan to practice. Each state has its requirements, but generally, you will need to: 

• Submit an application to the state board of nursing 
• Provide proof of your nursing education 
• Pass a background check 
• Pay the required fees 

Some states participate in the Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC), which allows nurses to practice in multiple states with one license. 

Step 5: Consider specialization and further education 

As an RN, you have the option to specialize in areas such as pediatrics, oncology, critical care, or geriatrics. Specialization often requires additional certification, which involves further education and passing a specialty exam. 

Continuing education is crucial for career advancement. Many RNs pursue a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) to become nurse practitioners, nurse educators, or nurse administrators. Advanced degrees open up opportunities for higher-paying positions and leadership roles. 

Step 6: Gain experience and stay current 

Experience is invaluable in nursing. The more you practice, the more proficient you become. Healthcare is an ever-evolving field, so it's essential to stay current with the latest medical advancements, technologies, and best practices.  

Joining professional organizations, attending workshops/conferences, and reading nursing journals are excellent ways to stay informed. 

Salary expectations 

The salary for RNs can vary widely depending on factors like geographical location, area of specialization, years of experience, and the type of healthcare facility. However, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for RNs was $86,070 as of May 2023. With experience and additional certifications, RNs can potentially earn a higher salary. For example, advanced practice RNs, like Nurse Practitioners, can earn a median annual wage of over $117,670. 

Becoming a registered nurse requires dedication, education, and a passion for helping others. By following these steps, you can embark on a fulfilling and impactful career in nursing.